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Gender disparities in publishing: how networks, occupational self-efficacy and the university shape the gender publication gap among professors in Germany

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-06241-5

Published Online: 2025-11-24

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Spagert, Lina
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01FP21054)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-24

Version of Record valid from 2025-11-24
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Article History

Received: 27 March 2025

Accepted: 7 November 2025

First Online: 24 November 2025

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Munich University of Applied Sciences MUAS (EK011HM–10_22, 26/10/2022).

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants through an online form prior to starting the survey. The questionnaire was carried out between 06/11/23 and 06/02/24. Participants were fully informed about the study’s purpose, their right to withdraw at any point, and that their data would be handled anonymously and exclusively used for research purposes. The study did not involve minors or vulnerable individuals. All data are securely stored on servers in Germany, accessible only to the research team.

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