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Authors
Jameel, Arif
Hussain, Abid
Kanwel, Shahida
Guo, Wenjing
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Article History
Received: 19 January 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 23 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Jiangsu University Institutional Review Board (Approval No. JUIRB/14210/2024). Approval was granted on 2024-01-08, following the review of the submitted research ethics application (Form submission date: 2024-01-04). All procedures and survey processes were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Prior to data collection, all eligible participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of their participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without providing a reason. Informed consent was obtained from participants between 2024-04-02 and 2024-07-26. Participants were assured that all information provided would be treated with strict confidentiality and used solely for research purposes.
