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Article History

Received: 5 December 2024

Accepted: 7 November 2025

First Online: 8 January 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethics approval was waived by the authors’ respective institutions (University of Helsinki, FI; Dartmouth College, USA) at the time of manunscript preparation, since this research analyses already published data (date of exemption: November 26, 2024 for both institutions). Neither legislation nor TENK’s guidelines require ethical review by an ethics committee for research based purely on public and published data, registry and documentary data, or archive data.

: Informed consent was inapplicable as no new data were collected directly from human participants. This is in accordance with the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity (TENK) and the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects of Dartmouth College, which were the two presiding institutions at the time this manuscript was prepared.