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Article History

Received: 7 March 2025

Accepted: 10 November 2025

First Online: 26 November 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Institute of Graduate Education Ethics Committee for Scientific Research and Publication Ethics (Approval Code: 12/30, Date: 05 October 2023). The research was conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and subsequent revisions, as well as the institutional ethical standards of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University.

: All participants were informed about the purpose, scope, and procedures of the study and voluntarily provided written informed consent (first group on October 12, 2023, and second group on November 21, 2023) prior to participation. Participants were assured of the confidentiality of their responses and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any negative consequences.