Han, Chao
Su, Hang
Chen, Baoqi
Xu, Xiaotong
Funding for this research was provided by:
Social Science Planning Research Project of Shandong Province (No. 24DJJJ10)
Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan (No. 2023RZA02027)
Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project (No. [2023]161)
Key Project of Guizhou University of Commerce (2024XJSDZD03)
Guizhou Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Project (22GZQN06)
Article History
Received: 19 January 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 14 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study does not involve human participants.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.