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Authors
Mei, Yuanfei
Gao, Zhijing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Social Science Planning Cultivation Project of Chongqing of China (2020PY38)
Humanities and Social Sciences Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China (21SKGH125)
Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China (KJQN202300845)
Chongqing Municipal Education Science Planning Project of China (K23ZG2080096)
Chongqing Higher Education Examination and Admission Research Project of China (CQZSKS2024049)
Graduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Program of Chongqing Technology and Business University of China (2023YJG0211)
Scientific Research Project of Chongqing Technology and Business University (2155028)
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Article History
Received: 7 February 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Chongqing Technology and Business University on September 20, 2023 (No. 2023MS-036). All procedures performed in this study complied with the ethical standards of the institution as well as with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: Prior to the commencement of data collection exercise, all the participants were provided with detailed information about the study’s procedures and fully informed about the purpose of the research and the study aims, their rights as respondents (including the right to refuse participation or withdraw from the study at any time), and the measures taken to ensure their confidentiality and anonymity. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants on October 11, 2023, prior to their involvement in the study.
