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Authors
Wan, Jiangjun
Feng, Xiaojing
Chen, Caoxin
Zhang, Lili
Chen, Yigen
Ma, Gui
Ding, Yuhui
Jiang, Yunyan
Liu, Shaoyun
Li, Xiaomei
Tang, Xiaohong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42301280)
Peking University Lincoln Center West Project (FS07-20221001-WJJ)
National Undergraduate Training Program on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (No. 202410626051)
National Undergraduate Training Program on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (No. 202410626051)
Youth Project of Sichuan Natural Science Foundation (2025ZNSFSC1147)
2024 General Project of Chengdu City's Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning (2024CS142)
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Article History
Received: 21 February 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 26 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of School of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Sichuan Agricultural University on June 8, 2022(Approval Number: SAUP20220608). This study involved data collection from human participants, including questionnaire surveys and volunteer participation in field PPGIS behavioral tracking surveys. It strictly adheres to the Declaration of Helsinki and China’s ethical guidelines for social science research. When conducting the surveys, it ensured that research participants were informed, voluntary, and their privacy was fully protected.
: In this study, written informed consents were obtained from all participants for the questionnaire survey during the period from July 2022 to March 2023. Written informed consents were also obtained from all participants for the PPGIS tracking survey during the period from April 2023 to July 2023. When minors were involved, for both surveys, written consents were obtained from their legal guardians by explaining the research content face-to-face and providing written materials for the guardians to review (To facilitate obtaining consent from parents or guardians, this study only surveyed minors accompanied by their parents or guardians). The written informed consent form clearly stated: (1) the purpose of the survey, (2) researchers’ affiliations, (3) privacy guarantees, and (4) data confidentiality measures. The scope of consent covered: (a) voluntary participation in the survey, (b) use of collected data for research purposes, (c) anonymous publication of aggregated results in academic journals, and (d) the right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequences.
