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Article History

Received: 15 March 2025

Accepted: 13 November 2025

First Online: 2 December 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study received ethical approval from the approval body, Research and Community Service Center of Politeknik Negeri Malang, on March 7, 2023, with the ethical approval ID number 5583/PL.2.l/HK/2023. All procedures performed in this study adhered to the ethical standards outlined in the Regulation of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences No. 19, year 2019. The scope of the approval involved students to fill in questionnaires to see the level of employability skills and translator competence. Participants’ confidentiality and anonymity were strictly maintained to protect their privacy throughout the research process.

: Informed consent was obtained by the first and second researchers on March 13, 2023, from all participants in a written form. Scope of the consent included: (a) voluntary participation in filling in the questionnaire, (b) the use of the questionnaire’s responses for research and academic purposes, (c) publication of findings in aggregated and anonymous form. All participants had been fully informed that their anonymity was ensured, why the research was conducted, and that there were not any risks to them of participating.