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Authors
Kushairi, Norliza https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7551-3378
Robertson, Susan L.
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Article History
Received: 27 January 2023
Accepted: 16 November 2025
First Online: 18 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study is under Scholarsip for Teaching and Learning whereby participants are researchers’ students. Therefore, official approval was not necessary as it was automatically granted by the research committee of University Utara Malaysia, upon the conferment of the SOTL Grant award with SO Code 14762 award for the researcher on 6th June 2020. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: All participants were informed of their involvement in providing data to be analyzed anonymously solely for this study. The consent was obtained on 2nd of November 2020. They were told of the opportunity to opt out should they find inappropriate.
