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Authors
Iannelli, Olivia
Naderbagi, Aila
Poulsen, Adam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-3894
Alam, Mafruha
Song, Yun J. C.
Hindmarsh, Gabrielle https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1822-3328
Hickie, Ian B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-9895
LaMonica, Haley M.
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Article History
Received: 14 May 2024
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Competing interests
: IBH is the Co-Director, Health and Policy at the BMC, University of Sydney. The BMC operates an early-intervention youth service at Camperdown under contract to headspace. He is the Chief Scientific Advisor to, and a 3.2% equity shareholder in, InnoWell Pty Ltd, which aims to transform mental health services through the use of innovative technologies. No other authors have anything to declare.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) (Protocol approval number: 2021/956; Date of approval: 13 January 2022). Ethics approval was obtained before the research commenced.
: All participants (i.e., parents and caregivers) provided written informed consent prior to participation. Consents were provided between January 2022 and June 2023. Consent covered participation, eligibility, withdrawal, risks and benefits, data collection, storage, and use, consent to publish anonymous outcomes, option to receive study results, and contact details for the study team and the approving ethics committee. All participants were fully informed that their anonymity was assured.
