Retraction Retraction dated 2026-01-23

Article History

Received: 4 May 2025

Accepted: 1 December 2025

First Online: 3 January 2026

Change Date: 9 January 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Editor’s Note: The Editorial team is currently investigating concerns raised about the contents of this paper. Editorial action will be taken as appropriate once this process is complete.

Change Date: 23 January 2026

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-026-06551-2

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

: An ethical approval was not obtained.