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Authors
Wald-Fuhrmann, Melanie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3659-4731
Herget, Ann-Kristin
Kreutzer, Martin
Egermann, Hauke
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Article History
Received: 15 August 2024
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures performed in this study were approved by the ethics council of the Max Planck Society as of 20 December 2017, application ID 2017_12. The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: All participants gave their informed written consent on the day of their concert directly before the study started (concert dates were April 12, 13 and 30 2022 and May 1–6 2022). The consent included collection of self-report, audio, video, and physiological data, its pseudonymised storage, processing, and publication of results in scientific outlets and for public outreach purposes.
