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Article History

Received: 15 June 2024

Accepted: 18 December 2025

First Online: 27 January 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study employed a survey-based design using a structured questionnaire to collect data from human participants. As the research was non-interventional in nature and did not involve any physical, medical, or psychological procedures, the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, granted an exemption from formal ethical approval (exemption date: 07 January 2022). All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Informed consent was obtained electronically through implied consent. The questionnaire was administered online via email and Google Forms, and an information statement provided at the beginning of the survey explained the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, assurances of anonymity and confidentiality, and the right to withdraw at any time by choosing not to complete or submit the questionnaire. Participants provided consent by voluntarily completing and submitting the questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained during the data collection period (1st August, 2023 to 31st March, 2024). Participants were assured that their responses would only be used for academic research purposes.