Document is current

Article History

Received: 26 April 2025

Accepted: 13 January 2026

First Online: 27 January 2026

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: This study does not involve human participants, their personal data, or biological material. The research is based on the analysis of publicly available European Union policy documents and training materials developed and delivered by the author in her professional capacity as a national expert in the Horizon Europe programme. These materials include anonymised group outputs from institutional workshops that did not involve the collection of individual data or any form of personal identification, medical information, or sensitive data. According to the national and institutional guidelines in place at the time of the study and Polish national research ethics standards, ethical review is not required for analyses of publicly accessible materials and pedagogical documentation where no personal or sensitive data are collected or processed.

: This study does not involve human participants, personal data, or any form of identifiable information. The data analysed consist exclusively of publicly available European Union research policy documents and anonymised pedagogical materials produced during professional training sessions conducted by the author. These materials reflect general group outputs and do not contain individual-level responses, identifiable narratives, or sensitive personal disclosures.