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Article History

Received: 24 February 2025

Accepted: 14 January 2026

First Online: 20 January 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study is based exclusively on secondary data obtained from publicly available sources and does not involve human participants, animals, or identifiable personal data. Therefore, ethical approval was not required.

: The study relies solely on aggregated, publicly available secondary data and does not involve direct interaction with human subjects.