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Article History

Received: 15 June 2024

Accepted: 15 January 2026

First Online: 23 February 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All requirements for studies involving human participants were adhered to in line with the ethical standards for research as outlined by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria (Ref. ERC PAN/2022/07/0307), on July 19, 2022, and the University of Pretoria (Ref. EDU089/22), on 22 July 2022. The research was conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The ethical certificates can also be accessed at .

: This research involved human participants who were professionals in relevant fields. To ensure informed consent, experts designated as consultants in this study were contacted via email with detailed information about the research, clearly outlining the purpose of the study. The link to the web page with information on the study was shared through a Virtual Environment ( ) to ensure that participants fully understood the research and their roles. Following this, engagement contracts were issued via email by the lead researcher to consultants who had read the research details and consented to participating in the research. As proof of their consent, a signed/dated copy of the engagement contract document, along with their CV, was sent back to the researcher between 26 and 29 July 2022. Therefore, identified consultants could decline the invitation by not signing the letter, while those who signed the study invitation letter served as an indication of their consent to participate in the study, ensuring voluntary participation. During the interviews, no photographs or video recordings were taken; only audio recordings were used, which were transcribed, treated anonymously, and kept confidential. No vulnerable individuals were included in the study, and participants were informed that the data would be used solely for research purposes.