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Article History

Received: 31 October 2024

Accepted: 22 January 2026

First Online: 11 March 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Prior to data collection, the research protocol with the proposed survey instrument was reviewed and approved by one of the Research Ethics Committees of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, at the Faculty of Odontology, which reviews biomedical and non-biomedical research protocols. The approved protocol record is CAAE 78749724.6.0000.0268, from May 4, 2024. All research was conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines/regulations in Brazil, particularly Resolution 510/2016 from the Brazilian National Research Council (official Portuguese text available at ; for an English summary of these guidelines, see Guerriero, ), articulated with the main national and international guidance on the ethics of human research in the Social Sciences and Humanities. Survey data collection took place from May 23 and July 29, 2024.

: All participants who responded to the survey provided free, informed consent after accessing a consent document that included all required information: the study purpose, type of participation, data use, data protection measures, privacy considerations, participants’ rights, and other details mandated by Resolution 510/2016. Consent was recorded by clicking the “Agree” button before accessing any survey questions on the SurveyMonkey Platform. A downloadable version of the complete consent form in Portuguese was available to all participants when accessing the survey invitation, as required by the approving Research Ethics Committee.