Document is current

Article History

Received: 2 August 2025

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 5 March 2026

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: This study did not involve human participants or identifiable personal data. Therefore, formal ethical approval was not required. All analyses were conducted using publicly available, de-identified data, in accordance with relevant institutional and national research guidelines.

: This study did not involve human participants or identifiable personal data. As no data were collected directly from participants, obtaining informed consent was not applicable. All data used were publicly available and anonymized, and their use complied with relevant institutional and national regulations.