Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Zhang, Liangwen
Dong, Jinghong
Li, Sicheng
Fang, Ya
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC3603000)
National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC3603000)
Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2024J01044)
Project of Fujian Medical Reform Research Association (2024B03)
Project of Chinese Hospital Reform and Development Institute, Nanjing University (NDYG2023034)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 27 April 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 13 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study involves a secondary analysis of publicly available, de-identified data; consequently, it was exempt from ethical approval at our institution. The data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which received ethical approval from the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (Beijing, China; IRB00001052–11015).
: This study utilizes secondary data previously collected by CHARLS. Informed consent was obtained from all participants during the original data collection process. Additional informed consent was not required for this secondary analysis, as the authors utilized a publicly accessible database exclusively for academic research.
