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Article History

Received: 17 December 2024

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 6 March 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with internationally accepted ethical standards for research involving human participants, including the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Social Sciences and Humanities Ethics Review Board of Gaziantep University in Gaziantep, Turkey, on 13 September 2023, under approval number 379185. The ethics committee reviewed and approved all research procedures, including participant recruitment, data collection, and data management processes.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Participants were informed about the purpose of the research, the voluntary nature of their participation, their right to withdraw at any time without penalty, and the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses. Written informed consent was collected from participants on 18 September 2023, before the commencement of data collection.