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Authors
Liu, Qi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 22&ZD213)
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Article History
Received: 3 December 2024
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 13 February 2026
Competing interests
: The author declares no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was exempted for this study in December 2023 in accordance with applicable regulations of the Research Office of Peking University Health Science Center. All research procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations applicable to research involving human participants, including the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained electronically by the author from all participants prior to data collection. The informed time is March 2024. Before consent was obtained, participants were explicitly informed that their anonymity would be fully protected, that no personally identifiable information would be collected, and that the data would be used solely for research purposes.
