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Authors
Liu, Shunli
Xi, Cuiyu
Idris, Muhammad Zaffwan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Overseas Returnees Funding Program of Hebei (C20230122)
The Doctoral Research Fund of North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering (BKY-2022-16)
The Development of Virtual Tour Digital Platform Technology for Commercial Complexes (YS-2024-10-H)
The Development of an Interior Visualization System Using 3D Technology (YS-2024-12-H)
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Article History
Received: 2 November 2024
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethics approval for this study, “Exploring the motivations of young museum users through identifying personas based on Bartle’s taxonomy of players,” was obtained from the Department of Science and Technology, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering (Approval number: 20211111; Date: 11 November 2021). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national research ethics regulations. To ensure the rigor of this multi-year project, a pilot phase was conducted in 2020 to finalize the research protocols required for the formal ethics application. However, the subsequent institutional approval process encountered administrative delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which postponed the formal issuance of the clearance until late 2021. We clarify that the formal research phase and primary data analysis were conducted strictly after this official ethical clearance was granted.
: Informed consent was obtained in writing from all participants. For the pilot phase conducted in 2020, informed consent was secured from the four participants prior to their involvement to ensure ethical conduct during the exploratory stage. For all subsequent participants in the formal study, informed consent was obtained following the receipt of the institutional ethical approval. All respondents were fully informed about the study’s purpose, methods (including behavioral observation, interviews, and questionnaires), and the planned use of data (e.g., in theses, conference presentations, and publications). They were assured of full anonymity and advised regarding the recording of video, audio, or photographs.
