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Authors
Guo, Jingyuan
Zhang, Xiuli
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study is a theoretical investigation based on game-theoretic modeling, analytical derivations, and numerical simulations. It does not involve any human participants, personal data, questionnaires, interviews, experiments, or biological materials. Therefore, ethical approval was not required for this study.
: This study does not involve any human participants or identifiable personal data. Accordingly, informed consent was not applicable.
