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Article History

Received: 15 June 2025

Accepted: 11 February 2026

First Online: 27 February 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Northeast Normal University (Approval No. 2023058) on June 15, 2023.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The consent process was conducted in written form by the researcher Xia Xin between June 20 and October 20, 2023. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, their right to withdraw at any time, and the confidential handling of their data. They consented to the use of their responses for research purposes and the publication of aggregated results. The scope of the consent covered the following: - Agreement to participate in the study - Consent for the use of collected data for research purposes - Consent for the publication of research results.