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Authors
Wu, Fubo
Liu, Yang
Zhang, Jiaming
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and technology research program of Chongqing Education Commission of China
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Article History
Received: 12 March 2025
Accepted: 12 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study has obtained approval from the Academic Committee of the School of Political Science and Public Administration, Southwest University of Political Science and Law. The Committee confirms that the study’s experimental design and implementation plan comply with the basic ethical principles of police work, and that the research content does not involve the improper disclosure of survey data or desecration of police work. It also ensures that the right to information and privacy of the respondents have been protected to the greatest extent. The Committee hereby approves the implementation of this research plan and the publication of its results. The approval date is February 20, 2025, and the approval number is 2025ZGY-21.
: Oral consent was obtained from all participants in this study on February 20, 2025. The participants were local police officers, who were also informed of their right to have their data deleted and to withdraw from the study at any time.
