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Article History

Received: 23 February 2025

Accepted: 13 February 2026

First Online: 3 March 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles and regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki and its amendments. The research data were collected through a questionnaire and did not involve any human or animal experiments. The study was reviewed and granted ethical approval (No: HNXXZY202403180012) by the Ethics Review Committee for Scientific Research of Hunan College of Information on 29 March, 2024. The approval covered the form of participant recruitment, data collection, data management, and the dissemination of anonymized findings.

: The online survey was conducted anonymously and voluntarily, with participants provided informed consent, during the data collection period of 25th April 2024 to 10th May 2024, before answering the survey questions. The research purpose, the potential use of data, and procedures of data collection were presented on the first page of the online questionnaire on Wenjuanxing . By clicking on “Agree to participate in the survey,” participants provided informed consent and confirmed that they acknowledged the purpose and procedures of the study, as well as the potential publication of anonymized results. Participants may withdraw from the survey at any point during the data collection. All data collected will be used exclusively for academic research and will not be used for commercial purposes.