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Article History

Received: 6 June 2024

Accepted: 16 February 2026

First Online: 17 March 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was performed in line with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. These ethical considerations specifically cover all research procedures and data collection activities. The study complied with all relevant ethical guidelines and regulations issued by national and institutional authorities. This study has been affiliated with Utrecht University in The Netherlands since 2015. However, when this project was initiated that year, the institutional ethical board was not yet operational within the Faculty of Geosciences. We were not encouraged to apply for a formal ethical approval for this project.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection during the fieldwork conducted between September 2018 and February 2019. Before providing consent, participants were fully informed about the purpose of the study, the procedures involved, the voluntary nature of participation, the use of their data for academic research and publication purposes, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. All participants were adults who were capable of providing informed consent. No vulnerable populations (including minors) were involved in this study.