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Article History

Received: 15 December 2024

Accepted: 18 February 2026

First Online: 3 March 2026

Ethical approval

: The research methodology employed in this study was reviewed and approved following the institutional review board (IRB) policies and procedures of Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU). The IRB approval number (638512220903754869) was granted on May 13, 2024. This approval covers all aspects of the study involving human participants, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional guidelines. All research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards applicable to human participants, ensuring that their rights and welfare were prioritized.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants through an online consent form prior to their participation in the survey. Consent was administered by the researcher on May 26, 2024. Participants were provided with information regarding the study’s purpose, procedures, and their right to withdraw at any time without any consequences. By clicking “I agree,” participants confirmed their understanding and willingness to participate. All participants were assured of their anonymity, and it was made clear how their data would be utilized. There were no foreseeable risks associated with their participation.

: The author declares no competing interests.