Cai, Gangwei
Xu, Binyan
Julien Dewancker, Bart
Shi, Wenwen
Sun, Luning
Lu, Ye
Wu, Denguo
Liu, Kang
Lu, Feidong
Gao, Weijun
Funding for this research was provided by:
Funding of ZJU 100 Young Professor
Article History
Received: 20 January 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 14 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study did not involve human participants, human biological materials, animals, clinical data, or identifiable personal information. All data used in this study were from buildings. Therefore, formal ethical approval from an institutional review board or ethics committee was not applicable to this research.
: This study did not involve human participants or identifiable personal data. No individuals were recruited, surveyed, interviewed, observed, or asked to provide information for the purposes of this research. Therefore, informed consent was not applicable to this study.