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Article History

Received: 8 May 2025

Accepted: 23 February 2026

First Online: 5 March 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The complete study protocol was reviewed and approved prior to project initiation by the Ethics Committee of Harbin Institute of Technology (Date 03/27/2023; Approval No. 2023091), the corresponding author’s affiliated institution. According to the Guidelines for Ethical Approval at Northeast Forestry University ( ), ethical approval for the finalized manuscript also must be obtained at least 30 working days prior to publication (Part I, Article 1), and the full manuscript must be included as supporting documentation for ethical approval applications (Part I, Article 5). Accordingly, the finalized manuscript was also reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Northeast Forestry University (Date 03/17/2025; Approval No. 2025060), the first author’s affiliated institution.

: This study conducted non-interventional questionnaires research from June 26 to October 15 in 2023. During this period, all participants had been fully informed that their anonymity was assured, there was no risk to them of participating, why the research was being conducted, and how their data would be utilised. All participants were also provided informed consent prior to participation.