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Article History

Received: 13 November 2024

Accepted: 28 February 2026

First Online: 18 March 2026

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The methodology for this study was reviewed and approved by the faculty leadership at VID Specialised University on 20 August, 2024, and was conducted in accordance with the university’s institutional guidelines for research ethics. No formal approval number was issued.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Oral information was provided by the course instructor at the start of the lecture, and written information was shared via the Canvas learning management system on 12 August, 2024. The information described the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, and measures taken to ensure anonymity. Consent covered participation in the study, the use of anonymised handwritten notes for analysis, and the publication of aggregated findings. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw without consequences.