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Authors
Santana, Luis E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2290-0742
Alfaro, Amaranta
López-Ordosgoitia, Rocío https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5937-941X
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2024
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 15 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Complete Information of Ethical approval is provided in the cover letter. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Universidad Adolfo Ibañez (Record 39/2022, Santiago, Chile, on November 22, 2022), and from the ethics committee of the Faculty of Education of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Colombia (Record 20/2022, on April 28, 2022). All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committees and with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed assent was obtained from all participating adolescents, and written informed consent was obtained from their legal guardians prior to data collection. In Chile, consent and assent were obtained between December 2022 and September 2023. In Colombia, consent and assent were obtained between May and September 2023.
