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Article History

Received: 1 November 2025

Accepted: 2 March 2026

First Online: 14 March 2026

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: This study received ethical approval from the University of Cape Town’s Ethics Committee (Approval Number: SCI/01339/2024) on 20 February 2024. The approval covered all research activities involving human participants, including interviews, focus groups, and field observations. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the University of Cape Town’s ethical guidelines and applicable regulations and were consistent with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. No deviations from the approved protocol occurred during the study.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants from 25 February 2024 (and thereafter prior to participation). Participants received an explanation of the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and the voluntary nature of participation, including their right to decline to answer any question and to withdraw at any point without penalty. Consent was obtained prior to data collection for each participant.