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Article History

Received: 8 November 2025

Accepted: 6 March 2026

First Online: 16 March 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University Research Ethics Committee grants approval to the research project in accordance with international ethical standards for human research, including the Declaration of Helsinki, The Belmont Report, CIOMS Guideline, and the International Conference on Harmonization in Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP). Approval number was 018/2024 with date of approval 23 August, 2024.

: Date of informed consent was between the 1st October and the 15th October 2024. Before the participants were asked to sign the informed consent form, they were asked to carefully read the participant information sheet. Prior to signing the consent form, the researcher explained the research objectives, duration, methodology, potential risks or adverse effects, and the potential benefits of the study. The participants had been given sufficient time and opportunity to ask questions, which had been answered by the researcher willingly, without concealment, to their satisfaction, and they fully understood the information provided. The participants were entitled to withdraw from this research project at any time without needing to state a reason, and this withdrawal would not affect any other rights to which they were entitled. The research team guaranteed the confidentiality of the participants’ personal data, disclosing it only with their explicit consent.

: The authors hereby confirm our full consent for the publication of this manuscript.