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Article History

Received: 8 September 2025

Accepted: 9 March 2026

First Online: 27 March 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Research ethics approval was obtained from the Board of Scientific Research and Publication Ethics in the Social and Human Sciences at Cukurova University (Approval No. E-74009925-604.01.02-502349; Approval Date: 22.09.2022). All participants provided informed consent prior to participation, and the study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution.

: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Oral informed consent was obtained from all participants before the participants fill out the surveys (Informed Consent Date for the surveys: 29-30.05.2023 / Informed Consent Date for the interviews: 3-4-5.06.2023). Consent was obtained by the researchers before participation and was documented in contemporaneous field notes as well as recorded as an audio. A verbatim consent script used during the process in which participants were informed about the study aims, procedures, voluntariness, right to withdraw, confidentiality/anonymisation, and data protection. Oral consent was used because (i) the activity is minimal-risk and anonymous (no names collected on the questionnaire), (ii) signatures would introduce identifiable data and undermine anonymity, and (iii) consent could be efficiently obtained and documented during the in-class administration. A verbatim consent script used during the process is supplied with the submission as a supplementary file.