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Authors
Zhang, Dandan
Chen, Yongjun
Jia, Yitong
Liao, Qingqing
Huang, Lichun
Yi, Shuangyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hunan Social Science Achievement Appraisal Committee (XSP25YBC327)
Hengyang Science and Technology Bureau (202010031581)
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Article History
Received: 27 March 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 4 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki. The ethics committee of Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, conducted an ethical review and approved the study (project number 2022-ky-171) on May 25, 2022.
: Participants were thoroughly briefed on the study’s objectives and the process of providing informed consent. They were assured that their responses would be used exclusively for academic research and that their anonymity would be strictly maintained. Additionally, participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the survey at any time without any consequences. After reviewing the consent form, participants voluntarily consented by selecting the ‘consent’ option, which granted them access to the survey questionnaire. This data collection process occurred between July 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022. All collected data remains anonymous and confidential, with access limited solely to the study’s authors.
