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Article History

Received: 17 January 2025

Accepted: 10 March 2026

First Online: 28 March 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research and Publication Ethics Committee of Trabzon University on November 22, 2024 (approval no. E-81614018-050.04-2400058313).

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation. Data were collected through an anonymous online survey administered via Google Forms between 22 and 27 November 2024. Before accessing the questionnaire, participants were presented with an informed consent statement explaining the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, the anonymity of responses, and the use of the collected data exclusively for academic research purposes. Participants were required to explicitly confirm their consent by selecting the statement “I have read and agree to these terms and conditions. I voluntarily agree to participate in this study.” Only participants who provided consent were allowed to proceed to the survey questions. By proceeding to the questionnaire, participants provided their informed consent. Participants were also informed that no personally identifiable information (e.g., name or email address) would be collected and that all responses would be treated confidentially. No minors or vulnerable groups were involved in this study.