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Article History

Received: 28 November 2025

Accepted: 11 March 2026

First Online: 30 March 2026

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: Ethical approval was not required for this study. The study did not involve human participants, human biological materials, interventions, or the collection of personal/identifiable information (e.g., names, contact details, images, recordings, survey responses, or interview data). Therefore, research ethics committee review was not applicable for the present analysis.

: Informed consent was not obtained because it was not applicable. This study did not collect primary data from individuals and did not involve human participants or access to identifiable personal data. There were no participants from whom consent could or needed to be obtained, and no consent-to-publish concerns arose.