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Article History

Received: 1 July 2025

Accepted: 12 March 2026

First Online: 25 March 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval was not required for this study because it did not involve recruitment of human participants, intervention, or collection of private personal data. The analysis is based on publicly available campaign materials and publicly accessible online content.

: Informed consent was not required because the study did not involve direct interaction with individuals and did not collect identifiable private information. Where online engagement traces (e.g., likes, shares, comments) or illustrative user comments were referenced, they were drawn from publicly accessible posts/comments, and were presented in an anonymised form with no attempt to identify individuals.