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Authors
Zhu, Xiuyuan
Ni, Zihan
Chen, Rong
Guo, Jing
Dai, Ling
Wang, Lei
Wang, Jialiang
Xie, Shiyu
Liu, Shimeng
Yang, Xiaoguang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project (23YJCZH138)
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Article History
Received: 22 January 2025
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 27 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional ethics committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study received ethical approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health, Fudan University (IRB#2025041225). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants before participation. All data were collected anonymously and analyzed in a fully de-identified manner.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. On the first page of the Questionnaire Star survey, participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the principles of voluntary participation, and their right to withdraw at any time. The study protocol, including the consent procedure, was approved in July 2024 by the Ethics Committee of the School of Elderly Service and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, and the Medical Technology Assessment Research Center, Fudan University. No personally identifiable information was collected.
