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Authors
Liu, Wen
Hou, Nianhan
Tang, Hao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund Youth Project (22CYY022)
Jiangsu Oral Culture Corpus Transcription Project (HXSK 2023003)
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Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong University (Approval No. SDU-2021-307) on December 10, 2021. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: This study obtained written informed consent from all participants on August 17, 2022, prior to their enrollment. All participants were clearly informed of the study’s purpose, procedures, data usage methods, and participants’ rights (including the principle of voluntary participation and the right to withdraw unconditionally at any time). Consent forms were documented in writing and collected directly from adult participants with independent legal capacity to consent. No personally identifiable information was recorded or disclosed in any data. This study did not involve any vulnerable populations, and all participants provided their consent voluntarily.
