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Authors
Kong, Linghao
Zhang, Wenjin
Huang, Weijun
Huang, Liang
Huang, Shaonan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the General Research Project under the 14th Five-Year Plan for Educational Sciences in Jiangxi Province (21PTYB034)
the Key Research on Development Program-Science and Technology Support Plan in Jiujiang (No. S2024ZDYFN00144)
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Article History
Received: 8 September 2025
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki, including its subsequent amendments and other relevant ethical guidelines. It received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Jiangxi Institute for K-12 Personalized Education on December 10, 2023, with the approval number No. 23JS003. The approval covered the project’s research content, design, methods, and participant types, ensuring full compliance with ethical standards for studies involving human participants.
: Informed consent was obtained in writing from all participants from February to March 2025. The consent form clearly outlined the study’s purpose, the scope of data collection, and the agreement to the publication of the research results. Participants were assured that their anonymity and confidentiality would be maintained, and that the collected data would be used exclusively for research analysis and not disclosed to third parties. They were informed that participation was voluntary and that they could withdraw at any time without any consequences. As the study involved non-interventional research, participants were assured that there were no foreseeable risks associated with their participation.
