Hamid, Osman
Eledum, Hussein
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Tabuk (0118-1444-S)
Article History
Received: 18 December 2025
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 17 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at the University of Tabuk (Approval No. 0082-2024-S). All procedures were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Participants were informed of the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of their participation, confidentiality protections, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study prior to completing the questionnaire, and no personally identifiable information was collected.