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Authors
Li, Jingli
Zhang, Jianjun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministerial-Level Social Science Research Project of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (25DY27)
Youth Project of the Henan Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Office (2025CJJ202)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72172005 and 72372001)
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Article History
Received: 28 October 2024
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study used only secondary data obtained from publicly available sources, including official government websites and publicly accessible databases. The research did not involve human participants, identifiable personal information, or any form of intervention. Therefore, according to standard institutional and international research ethics guidelines, formal ethical approval from an institutional review board or ethics committee was not required.
: This study did not involve direct participation of individuals or the collection of private or identifiable personal data. All information analyzed in this research was obtained from publicly available sources. Therefore, informed consent from participants was not required in accordance with relevant research ethics regulations.
