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Authors
Liu, Jiexian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund Project (24YJC630132)
Jiexian Liu (AHSKQ2022D042)
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Article History
Received: 10 December 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was not required for this study. The study did not involve human participants, human biological materials, interventions, or the collection of personal/identifiable information (e.g., names, contact details, images, recordings, survey responses, or interview data). Therefore, research ethics committee review was not applicable for the present analysis.
: Informed consent was not obtained because it was not applicable. This study did not collect primary data from individuals and did not involve human participants or access to identifiable personal data. There were no participants from whom consent could or needed to be obtained, and no consent-to-publish concerns arose.
