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Article History

Received: 23 December 2024

Accepted: 16 March 2026

First Online: 17 April 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study only involves extremely low-risk activities, namely the completion of an anonymous online survey, and was therefore formally exempted. All research procedures comply with the principles stipulated in the Declaration of Helsinki. Approving Authority: School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University. Approval Number: No specific approval number was assigned in accordance with the institution’s practice for exempted low-risk studies.

: As this article involves an online questionnaire for data collection and does not include research involving human participants, informed consent was obtained from all participants who completed the questionnaire on May 13, 2024. Clear information about the purpose of the study and their role was provided to the participants to ensure their participation was voluntary and based on their informed decision. No sensitive or personally identifiable information was collected.