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Authors
Kakar, Qahraman
Jan, Qasim
Alemi, Sayed Hussain Agha
Qian, Xu-sheng
Zubair, Muhammad
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2024
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures in the study are conducted by the ethical standards of the responsible human experiments committee and the Declaration of Helsinki (1975). Additionally, the study proposal was approved by Institutional Review Board of Faculty of Education, Zhejiang Normal University (IRB No: ZJNUNO.3024D). The formal field visit approval was obtained from the host university and Researcher’s Supervisor. Furthermore, for data collection and participant observation, the researcher has strictly followed all the field ethics directed by the ethics committee of the host department. Verbal consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians, and age-appropriate verbal assent was sought directly from participating children to ensure their voluntary participation.
