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Article History

Received: 11 June 2025

Accepted: 17 March 2026

First Online: 31 March 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and all relevant national and institutional guidelines for research involving human participants. Ethical approval was granted by the Research Ethics Commission of the Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Brașov, Romania (approval number: 247, date of approval: 01 October 2024). The approval covered all procedures involving human participants as described in this study, including data collection, participant recruitment, and handling of personal data.

: Informed consent was obtained in written form from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Given the non-interventional nature of the research (online survey/questionnaire), all participants were fully informed in writing of: the purpose and procedures of the study, the voluntary nature of their participation, their right to withdraw at any time without penalty, the confidentiality and anonymity measures in place for all collected data, how their data would be utilised, and any potential risks associated with participation. Consent was obtained electronically via a mandatory consent checkbox embedded in the online platform before participants could access the questionnaire. The online form comprised two sequential sections: the first included the informed consent form, which was mandatory to proceed, and the second included the questionnaire. Access to the second section was granted only upon full completion and submission of the consent form, and both sections were required to be completed within the same application session. Only participants who provided explicit consent proceeded to complete the questionnaire. The scope of consent covered participation in the study, the anonymous use of collected data for research purposes, and the potential publication of aggregated, anonymised findings. No vulnerable individuals or minors were involved in this study.”