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Article History

Received: 7 December 2024

Accepted: 17 March 2026

First Online: 4 April 2026

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: All procedures performed in this study, which did not involve human participants, were conducted following the ethical standards of the authors’ institution and the relevant national research committee. This research adheres to the ethical principles of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Since the study did not involve any procedures requiring ethical approval by an institutional review board, no specific protocol number was assigned.

: This study did not involve human participants, and therefore, no informed consent was required. All research procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines and standards of the authors’ institution and/or the relevant national research committee.