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Authors
Ji, Deyu
Ju, Rong
Li, Zhehao
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Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Accepted: 18 March 2026
First Online: 10 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the relevant institutional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval for the user evaluation study was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Department of Literature and Journalism, Leshan Normal University (Approval No.: 2011118, Date of approval: June 1st, 2023. The scope of approval covered participant recruitment, anonymous data collection through structured Likert-scale questionnaires, and analysis of perceptual responses related to AI-generated artworks. The study did not involve vulnerable populations, biological material, or sensitive personal data. All the obtained data were anonymized and handled according to the data protection rules. The WikiArt dataset that was used included publicly available artistic images and did not involve the identifying personal information of any living person.
: Informed consent was signed by all the participants before they were included in the user evaluation study. The subjects were told about the aim of the study, that their participation was voluntary, their answers were anonymous, and that they could drop out of the study without any penalties. The consent involved the involvement in the process of evaluation of the works by AI and the analysis of the survey with the use of anonymized information, as well as the permission to publish the aggregated results in scholarly journals. No personal data (names, contact information, and biometric data) was gathered. All the data were processed in an anonymized variant, and the protection of confidentiality and privacy was guaranteed. Time of completion of informed consent: October 1st, 2023.
